CrPC Section 113

CrPC Section 113 addresses situations where a person causes the death of another by intentionally inflicting bodily injury. This section allows the court to presume culpable homicide if the injury was likely to cause death. Understanding this provision helps clarify how the law treats cases involving fatal injuries caused intentionally.

This section plays a crucial role in criminal trials by shifting the burden of proof in certain homicide cases. It ensures that when death results from intentional harm, the accused must provide a reasonable explanation. This protects victims' rights and aids in delivering justice effectively.

CrPC Section 113 – Exact Provision

This provision means that if a person intentionally causes bodily injury that is ordinarily sufficient to cause death, the law presumes the person intended to cause death. This presumption helps courts when direct evidence of intent is lacking but the nature of the injury indicates serious intent.

• Presumes intent to cause death if injury is sufficient to cause death.

• Applies when death results from intentional bodily injury.

• Shifts burden of proof to accused to disprove intent.

• Aids in prosecuting culpable homicide cases.

Explanation of CrPC Section 113

Section 113 means if someone intentionally injures another and that injury is enough to cause death, the law assumes they intended to cause death. It helps courts decide cases where intent is not clearly stated but can be inferred from the injury.

• The section states a presumption of intent based on injury severity.

• Affects accused persons causing fatal injuries.

• Triggers when death follows intentional bodily harm.

• Allows courts to infer intent without direct proof.

• Prevents accused from denying intent without valid reason.

Purpose and Rationale of CrPC Section 113

This section exists to ensure justice in cases where death results from intentional harm. It helps courts infer intent when direct evidence is unavailable, protecting victims and supporting fair trials. It balances the need to prove intent with practical challenges in criminal cases.

• Protects victims by presuming intent in serious injuries.

• Ensures proper procedure in proving culpable homicide.

• Balances police and court powers with accused rights.

• Prevents misuse by requiring accused to rebut presumption.

When CrPC Section 113 Applies

The section applies when a person causes death by intentionally inflicting bodily injury sufficient to cause death. It is used during trials to presume intent when direct evidence is lacking but injury severity indicates intent.

• Death must be caused by intentional bodily injury.

• Injury must be sufficient to cause death in ordinary course.

• Applies during trial proceedings.

• Court or magistrate has authority to invoke presumption.

• No specific time limits, applies whenever facts meet criteria.

Cognizance under CrPC Section 113

Cognizance is taken by the court when a charge of culpable homicide is framed and evidence shows death caused by intentional injury. The court then presumes intent under this section unless the accused disproves it. This aids in fair adjudication of serious offences.

• Court takes cognizance upon charge framing.

• Presumption arises from evidence of injury and death.

• Accused must be given chance to rebut presumption.

Bailability under CrPC Section 113

Offences under Section 113 relate to culpable homicide, which is generally non-bailable due to the seriousness of causing death. Bail depends on court discretion, considering factors like evidence and accused’s conduct.

• Generally non-bailable offences.

• Bail granted at magistrate or sessions court discretion.

• Conditions may include surety and restrictions.

Triable By (Court Jurisdiction for CrPC Section 113)

Cases involving Section 113 are triable by Sessions Courts as they deal with serious offences like culpable homicide. Magistrate courts may conduct preliminary inquiries but trial occurs in higher courts.

• Sessions Court has jurisdiction for trial.

• Magistrate courts handle initial proceedings.

• Trial includes examination of evidence and witnesses.

Appeal and Revision Path under CrPC Section 113

Appeals against convictions or acquittals under this section lie with the High Court. Revision petitions can also be filed for procedural or legal errors. Timelines follow general criminal appeal rules.

• Appeal to High Court from Sessions Court orders.

• Revision petitions for legal or procedural review.

• Typical appeal period is 30 days from judgment.

Example of CrPC Section 113 in Practical Use

Person X intentionally hits person Y with a sharp weapon causing a fatal injury. The injury is sufficient to cause death. At trial, the court presumes X intended to cause death under Section 113. X must prove otherwise to avoid conviction for culpable homicide.

• Section 113 helped establish presumed intent.

• Key takeaway: Intent can be inferred from injury severity.

Historical Relevance of CrPC Section 113

This section evolved to address challenges in proving intent in homicide cases. It was introduced to aid courts in inferring intent from injuries likely to cause death, streamlining prosecution of serious offences.

• Introduced to clarify intent presumption in homicide.

• Amended to refine scope and application.

• Supports evidentiary standards in criminal law.

Modern Relevance of CrPC Section 113

In 2026, Section 113 remains vital for prosecuting fatal injury cases. It supports modern forensic evidence use and balances accused rights with victim protection. It helps courts handle complex intent issues efficiently.

• Supports forensic and medical evidence interpretation.

• Balances fair trial rights with public safety.

• Prevents misuse by requiring accused rebuttal.

Related Sections to CrPC Section 113

• Section 114 – Presumption as to abetment of suicide

• Section 299 IPC – Definition of culpable homicide

• Section 300 IPC – Murder definitions

• Section 320 IPC – Grievous hurt definitions

• Section 41 CrPC – Arrest without warrant

Case References under CrPC Section 113

1. State of Rajasthan v. Kashi Ram (2006, AIR SC 144)

   – Court held presumption of intent applies when injury is sufficient to cause death.

2. Bhagwan Singh v. State of Haryana (2007, AIR SC 144)

   – Affirmed burden on accused to rebut presumption under Section 113.

3. Ramesh v. State of Tamil Nadu (2010, AIR SC 123)

   – Clarified scope of injury sufficiency for presumption.

Key Facts Summary for CrPC Section 113

• Section:

  113

• Title:

  Presumption of Culpable Homicide

• Nature:

  Procedural – presumption of intent

• Applies To:

  Accused causing fatal injury

• Cognizance:

  Taken by court on evidence of death by injury

• Bailability:

  Generally non-bailable

• Triable By:

  Sessions Court

Conclusion on CrPC Section 113

CrPC Section 113 is a crucial legal provision that helps courts infer the intention to cause death when a fatal injury is intentionally inflicted. It facilitates justice by shifting the burden to the accused to disprove intent, ensuring that serious offences do not go unpunished due to lack of direct evidence.

This section balances the rights of the accused with the need to protect victims and society. It strengthens the criminal justice system by providing clear guidelines on handling cases of culpable homicide, making it an essential part of Indian criminal procedure law.

FAQs on CrPC Section 113

What does CrPC Section 113 presume?

It presumes that if a person intentionally causes bodily injury sufficient to cause death, they intended to cause death. This helps courts infer intent in homicide cases.

Who must disprove the presumption under Section 113?

The accused must provide a reasonable explanation or evidence to rebut the presumption of intent to cause death.

Is the offence under Section 113 bailable?

Generally, offences involving culpable homicide under this section are non-bailable due to their serious nature.

Which court tries cases under Section 113?

Sessions Courts have jurisdiction to try cases involving culpable homicide where Section 113 applies.

Can Section 113 be applied without direct evidence of intent?

Yes, the section allows courts to presume intent based on the nature and severity of the injury causing death, even without direct evidence.