IPC Section 10 – Man, Woman

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is very detailed when it comes to defining words. These definitions help courts and lawyers interpret the law consistently. IPC Section 10 deals with the words “man” and “woman.” It clarifies their meaning under the Code and ensures no confusion in applying offences related to gender.

At first, it may seem obvious what “man” or “woman” means, but law must be precise. Without such clarity, loopholes could arise in criminal cases. This section gives standard definitions that apply across the IPC, making it a vital part of India’s criminal law framework.

Text of IPC Section 10

“The word ‘man’ denotes a male human being of any age; the word ‘woman’ denotes a female human being of any age.”

Meaning of IPC Section 10

The meaning of Section 10 is very straightforward:

• “Man” means a male human being, whether he is a boy, young man, or old man. Age does not matter.

• “Woman” means a female human being, whether she is a girl, young lady, or old woman. Age does not matter.

This ensures that whenever IPC uses these words, they cover all age groups.

Purpose of IPC Section 10

The purpose of Section 10 is to prevent confusion in interpreting laws that specifically mention “man” or “woman.” It ensures:

• Clarity: Age does not change the definition.

• Consistency: Same meaning across the Code.

• Inclusivity: Both adults and minors are covered.

Without Section 10, there could be arguments about whether certain provisions apply to children or only to adults.

Importance of IPC Section 10

IPC Section 10 is important because:

• It makes sure gender-specific provisions apply correctly.

• It avoids age-related disputes about meaning.

• It strengthens gender-based protections and offences under IPC.

• It creates a foundation for later sections that use the words “man” and “woman.”

For example, offences like rape, kidnapping, and assault often refer to men or women. Section 10 ensures clarity in such cases.

Example Scenario under IPC Section 10

Suppose a 14-year-old boy commits theft. Even though he is a minor, IPC Section 10 says he is still a “man” under the Code. Similarly, a 10-year-old girl is considered a “woman.”

This prevents arguments in court that the terms “man” or “woman” apply only to adults. Instead, the IPC covers all age groups uniformly.

Case Reference for IPC Section 10

In State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh (1996), the Supreme Court emphasized that words like “woman” under the IPC include females of all ages, even minors, especially in sexual offence cases.

This interpretation flows directly from IPC Section 10, which ensures that “woman” includes girls and not only adult females.

Related Sections to IPC Section 10

• IPC Section 8 – Gender and Number: Explains that “he” applies to both male and female.

• IPC Section 11 – Person: Defines “person” to include individuals, companies, and associations.

• IPC Section 375 – Rape: Uses the word “woman,” interpreted under Section 10.

• IPC Section 366 – Kidnapping woman to compel marriage: Depends on Section 10’s definition.

Why IPC Section 10 Matters Today

In modern times, IPC Section 10 is very relevant because:

• Gender-based crimes require clear definitions of man and woman.

• Age does not create a loophole for offenders or victims.

• Laws protecting women and children rely on this clarity.

• Courts can apply provisions consistently in all cases, regardless of the person’s age.

It ensures justice is not blocked by technical confusion over words.

Conclusion on IPC Section 10

IPC Section 10 defines “man” as a male human being of any age and “woman” as a female human being of any age. This ensures age does not limit the meaning of these words. It gives courts and lawyers clarity when dealing with gender-specific provisions. Though short, this section provides a strong base for many important criminal laws in India.

FAQs on IPC Section 10

What does IPC Section 10 mean?

IPC Section 10 means that the word “man” refers to a male human being of any age, and the word “woman” refers to a female human being of any age. This makes the law consistent and prevents arguments that these terms apply only to adults.

Why is IPC Section 10 important?

It is important because many offences in IPC specifically mention “man” or “woman.” Section 10 ensures that these terms apply equally to minors and adults, providing uniformity. This prevents loopholes in sensitive crimes like rape, kidnapping, or trafficking, where victims could be of any age.

Does IPC Section 10 include children?

Yes. According to IPC Section 10, children are included. A boy, even if only ten years old, is legally a “man,” and a girl of any age is legally a “woman.” This ensures crimes against children are prosecuted properly under sections using these terms.

How does IPC Section 10 affect rape laws?

IPC Section 375 defines rape as an offence against a “woman.” Thanks to IPC Section 10, this includes females of all ages, even minors. This means sexual assault on girls is also treated as rape under IPC, ensuring strong protection for children.

Is IPC Section 10 gender-neutral?

No. IPC Section 10 defines “man” and “woman” in binary terms. However, Section 8 makes IPC gender-neutral for pronouns. Modern debates on gender identity suggest reforms may be needed, but as of now, IPC Section 10 only covers male and female human beings.