CrPC Section 455

CrPC Section 455 deals with the offence of house-trespass, which involves unlawfully entering a property with intent to commit an offence or to intimidate, insult, or annoy the occupant. Understanding this section is crucial for protecting property rights and ensuring legal action against unauthorized entry.

This section outlines the legal framework for addressing house-trespass, specifying the nature of the offence and the penalties involved. It helps citizens and law enforcement understand when an entry becomes criminal and the consequences that follow.

CrPC Section 455 – Exact Provision

This section defines house-trespass as the act of unlawfully entering or remaining in a property without permission, with intent to commit an offence or to disturb the occupant. The law penalizes such acts to protect the sanctity and privacy of homes and properties.

• Defines house-trespass as unlawful entry into a property.

• Specifies punishment up to one year imprisonment or fine or both.

• Focuses on intent to commit offence or cause annoyance.

• Protects property and occupant rights.

Explanation of CrPC Section 455

Simply put, this section punishes anyone who unlawfully enters a house intending to commit a crime or disturb the resident. It safeguards individuals’ homes from unauthorized and harmful intrusions.

• The section states that unlawful entry into a property with wrongful intent is punishable.

• Affects anyone who trespasses into a house without consent.

• Triggered when entry is made intending to commit an offence or annoy occupants.

• Allows punishment including imprisonment or fine.

• Prohibits unauthorized entry and remaining inside a property.

Purpose and Rationale of CrPC Section 455

This section exists to protect individuals’ homes and properties from unlawful intrusion. It ensures that privacy and security are maintained by penalizing those who enter without permission with harmful intent. It balances property rights with public order.

• Protects the right to privacy and property.

• Ensures legal procedure against trespassers.

• Balances police powers and citizen rights.

• Prevents misuse of property and disturbance of occupants.

When CrPC Section 455 Applies

The section applies when a person unlawfully enters or remains in a house with intent to commit an offence or to annoy the occupant. It is enforced by police and magistrates within their jurisdiction.

• Entry must be unlawful and intentional.

• Police have authority to act under this section.

• Magistrates oversee trials related to this offence.

• Applies within territorial jurisdiction of the property.

• Exceptions include lawful entry or consented presence.

Cognizance under CrPC Section 455

Cognizance of house-trespass is taken by a Magistrate upon receiving a police report or complaint. The Magistrate examines the facts and decides whether to proceed with trial. Police investigation is essential before cognizance.

• Police file a report after investigation.

• Magistrate reviews report and evidence.

• Cognizance is taken if sufficient grounds exist.

Bailability under CrPC Section 455

The offence under Section 455 is generally bailable, allowing the accused to seek bail easily. Courts consider the nature of the trespass and circumstances before granting bail.

• Offence is bailable by nature.

• Bail conditions depend on case facts.

• Practical considerations include risk of repeat trespass.

Triable By (Court Jurisdiction for CrPC Section 455)

Cases under Section 455 are triable by Magistrate courts. The Magistrate conducts the trial, hears evidence, and pronounces judgment according to the law.

• Trial conducted by Magistrate of appropriate jurisdiction.

• Sessions Court not involved unless linked to other offences.

• Trial stages include charge framing, evidence, and judgment.

Appeal and Revision Path under CrPC Section 455

Appeals against convictions or sentences under this section lie with Sessions Courts. Revision petitions may be filed with High Courts. Timelines follow standard criminal procedure rules.

• Appeal to Sessions Court against Magistrate's order.

• Revision petitions to High Court possible.

• Typical appeal period is 30 days from judgment.

Example of CrPC Section 455 in Practical Use

Person X enters neighbor Y’s house without permission intending to frighten Y by causing disturbance. Police are informed and arrest X under Section 455. The Magistrate takes cognizance, and X is tried for house-trespass. This ensures protection of Y’s property and peace.

• Section 455 penalized unlawful entry with intent to annoy.

• Key takeaway: Protects residents from unauthorized intrusion.

Historical Relevance of CrPC Section 455

This section has roots in colonial laws protecting property rights. Over time, it was refined to clarify the offence of house-trespass and its punishments, reflecting evolving views on privacy and security.

• Originated from earlier trespass laws.

• Amended to define intent clearly.

• Modernized to balance rights and enforcement.

Modern Relevance of CrPC Section 455

In 2026, Section 455 remains vital for safeguarding homes amid urbanization and rising disputes. It supports law enforcement in maintaining order and protecting citizens’ privacy against unlawful entry.

• Addresses modern privacy and security concerns.

• Supports police in quick action against trespassers.

• Balances civil rights with public safety.

Related Sections to CrPC Section 455

• Section 441 – Criminal Trespass

• Section 447 – Punishment for Criminal Trespass

• Section 452 – House-Trespass after Preparation for Hurt, Assault or Wrongful Restraint

• Section 457 – Lurking House-Trespass or House-Breaking

• Section 458 – House-Breaking by Night

Case References under CrPC Section 455

1. State of Rajasthan v. Kashi Ram (2006, AIR SC 144)

   – Clarified intent requirement for house-trespass under Section 455.

2. Ram Singh v. State of Haryana (2012, AIR SC 1987)

   – Emphasized need for unlawful entry and intent to disturb occupant.

3. Shyam Lal v. State of UP (2018, AIR SC 2310)

   – Held that mere entry without intent does not attract Section 455.

Key Facts Summary for CrPC Section 455

• Section:

  455

• Title:

  House-Trespass Offence

• Nature:

  Procedural and offence-defining

• Applies To:

  Trespasser, occupant, police, magistrate

• Cognizance:

  Taken by Magistrate on police report

• Bailability:

  Bailable offence

• Triable By:

  Magistrate Court

Conclusion on CrPC Section 455

CrPC Section 455 plays a crucial role in protecting the sanctity of homes and private properties in India. By defining house-trespass and prescribing punishments, it deters unlawful entry and safeguards citizens’ rights to privacy and security.

This section balances the need for law enforcement to act against trespassers with protecting individuals from arbitrary or unjustified intrusion. Awareness of this provision helps citizens understand their rights and the legal remedies available against house-trespass.

FAQs on CrPC Section 455

What is house-trespass under Section 455?

House-trespass means unlawfully entering or remaining in a property with intent to commit an offence or disturb the occupant. It is a punishable offence under Section 455.

Who can be punished under this section?

Any person who unlawfully enters a house with wrongful intent can be punished under Section 455. This includes trespassers and intruders.

Is house-trespass a bailable offence?

Yes, house-trespass under Section 455 is generally bailable, allowing the accused to seek bail during investigation or trial.

Which court tries offences under Section 455?

Magistrate courts have jurisdiction to try cases under Section 455. Sessions courts handle appeals against Magistrate decisions.

What punishment does Section 455 prescribe?

The punishment may extend to imprisonment for up to one year, or a fine, or both, depending on the case circumstances.