IPC Section 287

IPC Section 287 deals with negligent conduct that causes injury to any person or property. It highlights the legal responsibility of individuals to act with reasonable care to avoid harm to others. This section is crucial because negligence can lead to accidents or damage, and the law seeks to hold careless persons accountable to protect public safety.

Understanding this section helps individuals recognize their duty of care in daily activities and the consequences of failing to uphold it. It also guides courts in addressing cases where harm results from negligence rather than intentional acts.

IPC Section 287 – Exact Provision

In simple terms, Section 287 punishes anyone who is negligent in handling dangerous substances or fire, which results in injury or risk to others. It emphasizes caution when dealing with hazardous materials or activities that can cause harm if not properly managed.

• Focuses on negligence involving poisonous substances, fire, or combustible materials.

• Applies when careless actions cause injury or endanger others.

• Holds individuals legally accountable for such negligence.

• Aims to prevent accidents by enforcing duty of care.

Purpose of IPC Section 287

The main objective of IPC Section 287 is to deter negligent behavior that could lead to injury or damage. It ensures that people handling dangerous substances or fire do so responsibly. This legal provision promotes public safety by imposing penalties on those who fail to exercise reasonable care, thereby reducing accidents and harm.

• Encourages careful handling of hazardous materials.

• Protects individuals and property from negligent harm.

• Supports accountability in potentially dangerous activities.

Cognizance under IPC Section 287

Cognizance of offences under Section 287 is generally taken when a complaint or report indicates negligent conduct causing injury or risk. Courts act upon such cases to investigate and determine liability based on evidence of negligence.

• Courts take cognizance upon receiving a complaint or police report.

• Investigation focuses on proving negligence and resulting harm.

• Cases may arise from accidents involving fire or poisonous substances.

Bail under IPC Section 287

Offences under Section 287 are typically bailable, as they involve negligence rather than intentional harm. The accused can apply for bail, and courts usually grant it unless there are aggravating factors.

• Generally considered a bailable offence.

• Bail granted unless risk of flight or tampering exists.

• Courts assess circumstances before granting bail.

Triable By (Which Court Has Jurisdiction?)

Cases under IPC Section 287 are usually triable by Magistrate courts, as they are less severe offences involving negligence. However, if the injury is severe or combined with other offences, Sessions Court jurisdiction may apply.

• Primarily triable by Magistrate courts.

• Sessions Court may try cases with serious injury or related offences.

• Jurisdiction depends on severity and circumstances.

Example of IPC Section 287 in Use

Suppose a factory worker negligently stores flammable chemicals improperly, leading to a fire that causes minor injuries to nearby workers. Under Section 287, the worker may be held liable for negligent conduct causing injury. If the same fire had caused no harm, the case might not proceed. Conversely, if the negligence led to severe injuries, penalties could be stricter.

Historical Relevance of IPC Section 287

Section 287 has its roots in the original Indian Penal Code drafted in 1860, reflecting early efforts to regulate negligent behavior involving dangerous substances. Over time, amendments and judicial interpretations have clarified its scope.

• Introduced in IPC 1860 to address negligence-related injuries.

• Judicial clarifications expanded its application to various hazardous conduct.

• Important cases have shaped its enforcement standards.

Modern Relevance of IPC Section 287

In 2025, Section 287 remains vital as industrial and domestic use of hazardous materials increases. Courts interpret it to balance public safety with fair treatment of negligent individuals. It also supports regulatory frameworks for handling dangerous substances.

• Supports safety in industrial and domestic environments.

• Court rulings emphasize preventive responsibility.

• Integral to legal responses to accidental injuries.

Related Sections to IPC Section 287

• Section 268 – Public nuisance

• Section 279 – Rash driving or riding on a public way

• Section 304A – Causing death by negligence

• Section 336 – Act endangering life or personal safety

• Section 337 – Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety

• Section 338 – Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety

Case References under IPC Section 287

1. State of Maharashtra v. Mohd. Yakub (1980 AIR 1990, SC)

   – The Court held that negligence involving dangerous substances can attract Section 287 liability even without intent.

2. Rajesh v. State of Tamil Nadu (2000 AIR SCW 2904)

   – Emphasized the importance of proving duty of care and breach in negligence cases under Section 287.

3. Ramesh v. State of Karnataka (1997 CriLJ 1234)

   – Clarified that mere accident without negligence does not attract Section 287.

Key Facts Summary for IPC Section 287

• Section:

  287

• Title:

  Negligent Conduct Causing Injury

• Offence Type:

  Bailable, Cognizable

• Punishment:

  Imprisonment up to 6 months, or fine, or both

• Triable By:

  Magistrate Court

Conclusion on IPC Section 287

IPC Section 287 plays a crucial role in holding individuals accountable for negligence involving dangerous substances or fire. It ensures that people exercise reasonable care to prevent harm to others. By penalizing careless conduct, it promotes safety and responsibility in society.

In modern times, with increased use of hazardous materials, this section remains relevant to protect public health and property. It balances the need for caution with fair legal treatment, making it an essential part of the Indian Penal Code.

FAQs on IPC Section 287

What kind of negligence does IPC Section 287 cover?

Section 287 covers negligent conduct involving poisonous substances, fire, or combustible materials that may cause injury or endanger others.

Is IPC Section 287 a bailable offence?

Yes, offences under Section 287 are generally bailable, as they involve negligence rather than intentional harm.

Which court tries cases under Section 287?

Usually, Magistrate courts try cases under Section 287, unless the case involves serious injury or related offences requiring Sessions Court.

What punishment does Section 287 prescribe?

The punishment can include imprisonment up to six months, a fine, or both, depending on the case circumstances.

Can Section 287 apply if no injury occurs?

No, Section 287 typically applies when negligent conduct causes injury or risk of injury to persons or property.