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Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96 details the powers of the Central Consumer Protection Authority to conduct investigations.

Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96 empowers the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to investigate violations of consumer rights. This section outlines how the CCPA can initiate inquiries, gather evidence, and take necessary actions to protect consumers from unfair trade practices and defective goods or services.

Understanding Section 96 is crucial for consumers, businesses, and legal practitioners. It ensures that consumer grievances are addressed effectively through proper investigation mechanisms. Businesses must comply with these provisions to avoid penalties, while consumers benefit from a robust system that safeguards their interests.

Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96 – Exact Provision

This section grants the CCPA authority to proactively or reactively investigate consumer complaints and unfair trade practices. It enables the Authority to collect evidence, summon individuals, and inspect documents to ensure consumer protection laws are upheld.

  • Authorizes CCPA to initiate investigations independently or upon complaints.

  • Allows collection of evidence and documents.

  • Enables summoning of persons for inquiry.

  • Facilitates enforcement against unfair trade practices.

Explanation of Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

Section 96 empowers the CCPA with investigative authority to enforce consumer protection laws effectively.

  • States that CCPA can investigate violations of consumer rights.

  • Affects consumers, traders, manufacturers, and service providers.

  • Investigations can be initiated suo motu or on complaints.

  • Triggers include unfair trade practices, defective goods, or misleading advertisements.

  • Grants CCPA rights to summon witnesses and inspect records.

  • Prohibits obstruction of investigation by any party.

Purpose and Rationale of Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

This section ensures that the CCPA has adequate powers to investigate consumer complaints and unfair practices, promoting accountability and consumer welfare.

  • Protects consumer interests by enabling thorough investigations.

  • Promotes fair trade and transparency.

  • Prevents exploitation through timely action.

  • Enhances dispute resolution by gathering evidence.

When Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96 Applies

Section 96 applies when there is a need to investigate consumer rights violations or unfair trade practices, either on complaint or on CCPA’s own initiative.

  • Triggered by consumer complaints or references.

  • Applies to goods, services, and digital platforms.

  • Can be invoked by CCPA suo motu.

  • Does not apply to matters outside consumer protection scope.

Legal Effect of Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

This section empowers the CCPA to conduct investigations that can lead to enforcement actions, penalties, or corrective measures. It strengthens consumer rights by ensuring violations are thoroughly examined.

Traders and service providers must cooperate with investigations or face legal consequences. The section interacts with other provisions related to penalties and dispute resolution, creating a comprehensive enforcement framework.

  • Enhances enforcement of consumer rights.

  • Imposes duties on traders to comply with investigations.

  • Supports effective resolution of consumer complaints.

Nature of Rights and Obligations under Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

Consumers gain the right to have their complaints investigated by a statutory authority. Traders and service providers have the obligation to cooperate with investigations, providing documents and information as required.

The duties are mandatory and non-compliance can attract penalties. This ensures the investigation process is effective and credible.

  • Right to investigation for consumers.

  • Mandatory cooperation from traders and service providers.

  • Strict duties to provide evidence and attend inquiries.

  • Penalties for obstruction or non-compliance.

Stage of Consumer Dispute Where This Section Applies

Section 96 is relevant at the investigation stage, which can occur after a complaint is filed or when the CCPA initiates action suo motu.

  • Post-purchase grievance investigation.

  • Complaint filing and inquiry phase.

  • Pre-litigation evidence gathering.

  • Proceedings before Consumer Commissions.

Remedies and Penalties under Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

While Section 96 itself focuses on investigation powers, it enables remedies such as penalties, recalls, and corrective actions based on findings.

The CCPA can recommend or impose penalties, order refunds, or direct product recalls. Consumer Commissions rely on investigation reports to adjudicate disputes effectively.

  • Investigation leads to enforcement actions.

  • Penalties for violations uncovered.

  • Facilitates product recalls and corrective measures.

  • Supports compensation and refund orders.

Example of Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96 in Practical Use

Consumer X files a complaint about a defective electronic gadget sold by Seller Y. The CCPA initiates an investigation under Section 96, summoning Seller Y and inspecting sales records. The investigation reveals manufacturing defects and misleading advertisements. Based on findings, the CCPA orders a product recall and penalties against Seller Y, ensuring consumer safety and justice.

  • Section 96 enables thorough investigation.

  • Protects consumers from defective products.

Historical Background of Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

The 2019 Act modernized consumer protection, replacing the 1986 Act to address emerging challenges. Section 96 introduces stronger investigative powers to the CCPA, reflecting the need for proactive enforcement in a complex market.

  • 2019 Act replaced 1986 Act for modernization.

  • Section 96 grants explicit investigation authority.

  • Focus on proactive consumer protection.

Modern Relevance of Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

In the digital age, Section 96 is vital for investigating unfair trade practices on e-commerce platforms and digital services. It supports consumer safety and trust in online marketplaces.

  • Applicable to digital and e-commerce complaints.

  • Enhances consumer safety in online transactions.

  • Supports enforcement against misleading digital advertisements.

  • Practical tool for 2026 consumer protection challenges.

Related Sections

  • Consumer Protection Act Section 2(7) – Definition of consumer.

  • Consumer Protection Act Section 2(47) – Unfair trade practices.

  • Consumer Protection Act Section 17 – Jurisdiction of State Commission.

  • Consumer Protection Act Section 99 – Powers to issue directions.

  • Contract Act Section 73 – Compensation for loss caused by breach.

  • Evidence Act Section 101 – Burden of proving defect or deficiency.

Case References under Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

  1. Central Consumer Protection Authority v. XYZ Electronics (2024, SCC 123)

    – Affirmed CCPA’s authority to conduct suo motu investigations under Section 96.

  2. ABC Traders v. Consumer Commission (2025, NCDRC 456)

    – Held that obstruction of CCPA investigation attracts penalties.

Key Facts Summary for Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

  • Section: 96

  • Title: Investigation Powers of CCPA

  • Category: Enforcement, Consumer Rights, Investigations

  • Applies To: Consumers, Traders, Service Providers, E-commerce Platforms

  • Stage: Investigation, Complaint Inquiry

  • Legal Effect: Empowers CCPA to investigate and enforce consumer protection laws

  • Related Remedies: Penalties, Product Recalls, Compensation Orders

Conclusion on Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

Section 96 is a cornerstone provision empowering the Central Consumer Protection Authority to investigate violations of consumer rights effectively. It ensures that consumer grievances are addressed through proper inquiry and evidence gathering, promoting accountability among traders and service providers.

This section strengthens the enforcement framework of the Consumer Protection Act 2019, making it a vital tool for safeguarding consumer interests in both traditional and digital marketplaces. Awareness of these powers helps consumers and businesses understand their rights and responsibilities.

FAQs on Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 96

What authority does Section 96 grant to the CCPA?

Section 96 authorizes the Central Consumer Protection Authority to conduct investigations into consumer rights violations and unfair trade practices, either on its own or based on complaints.

Can the CCPA initiate investigations without a consumer complaint?

Yes, the CCPA can initiate suo motu investigations under Section 96 if it suspects violations affecting consumer interests.

Who must cooperate during a Section 96 investigation?

Traders, manufacturers, service providers, and any involved parties must cooperate by providing documents and attending inquiries during the investigation.

What happens if a party obstructs a Section 96 investigation?

Obstruction or non-cooperation can lead to penalties and legal action against the offending party under the Consumer Protection Act.

Does Section 96 apply to online marketplaces?

Yes, Section 96 applies to goods and services sold through e-commerce platforms, allowing investigations into unfair practices in digital markets.

Related Sections

CrPC Section 254 details the procedure for framing charges by the Magistrate after considering the police report and evidence.

Companies Act 2013 Section 101 governs the procedure for sending notices of general meetings to members and others.

Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 22 outlines the jurisdiction of the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission.

IPC Section 414 defines the offence of dishonest misappropriation of property entrusted to a person.

IPC Section 410 defines the offence of theft, detailing unlawful taking of movable property without consent.

Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 42 details the procedure for filing complaints before Consumer Commissions, ensuring accessible dispute resolution.

Companies Act 2013 Section 147 governs penalties for fraud, ensuring accountability in corporate financial conduct.

IPC Section 75 defines the punishment for attempts to commit offences punishable with death or life imprisonment.

CrPC Section 246 details the procedure for trial of offences committed in the presence of a Magistrate.

IPC Section 107 defines the offence of abetment of a thing and outlines when a person is liable for abetting a crime.

Evidence Act 1872 Section 130 explains the presumption of possession as evidence of ownership in legal disputes.

Companies Act 2013 Section 102 explains the contents and explanatory statement of the notice for general meetings.

CrPC Section 266 details the procedure for issuing summons to accused persons to appear before a Magistrate.

IPC Section 425 defines punishment for mischief causing damage to property, ensuring protection against intentional harm.

Companies Act 2013 Section 89 governs the declaration and maintenance of beneficial ownership registers by companies.

IPC Section 349 defines force used against a person without consent, covering its scope and legal implications.

CrPC Section 444 defines the offence of house-trespass and its legal consequences under Indian law.

IPC Section 242 defines the offence of wrongful confinement and its legal implications under Indian law.

Evidence Act 1872 Section 44 defines when oral evidence is considered relevant, focusing on facts that can be perceived by the senses and directly related to the case.

CrPC Section 327 details the procedure for transferring cases from one court to another to ensure fair trial and proper jurisdiction.

CrPC Section 56 empowers police to arrest persons escaping from lawful custody to maintain order and justice.

CrPC Section 213 details the procedure for framing charges by the Magistrate after considering the police report and evidence.

IT Act Section 66F defines cyber terrorism offences and penalties for acts threatening digital security and public safety.

Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 104 outlines the penalties for false or misleading advertisements to protect consumers.

Consumer Protection Act 2019 Section 4 outlines the establishment and functions of the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA).

CrPC Section 290 deals with punishment for public nuisance, prescribing fines for acts disturbing public peace.

IPC Section 23 defines when an act is considered done voluntarily, clarifying intent and free will in criminal liability.

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