CrPC Section 352
CrPC Section 352 defines punishment for assault or use of criminal force without grave injury, detailing legal consequences.
CrPC Section 352 addresses the punishment for assault or use of criminal force without causing grave injury. It plays a crucial role in maintaining public order by penalizing minor physical offenses that do not result in serious harm. Understanding this section helps citizens and law enforcement recognize the boundaries of lawful conduct and the consequences of violating them.
This section is essential for ensuring that minor assaults are dealt with appropriately under the law. It balances the need to deter such offenses while distinguishing them from more serious crimes involving grievous harm. Knowing the scope and application of Section 352 empowers individuals to understand their rights and the legal remedies available.
CrPC Section 352 – Exact Provision
This provision defines the offence of assault or use of criminal force when it does not result in grievous hurt. It specifies the punishment options, including imprisonment for up to three months, a fine up to five hundred rupees, or both. The section excludes cases involving grave provocation or self-defence, focusing on unlawful minor physical aggression.
Defines assault or criminal force without grievous hurt.
Specifies punishment: imprisonment up to 3 months or fine up to ₹500 or both.
Excludes acts done on grave provocation or in self-defence.
Applies to minor physical offenses maintaining public order.
Explanation of CrPC Section 352
Section 352 deals with minor assaults or use of criminal force that do not cause serious injury. It punishes such acts to prevent disorder and protect individuals from unlawful physical harm.
The section states punishment for assault or criminal force without grievous hurt.
Affects anyone who unlawfully assaults or uses force against another.
Triggered when physical force is applied without grave provocation or self-defence.
Allows punishment by imprisonment, fine, or both.
Prohibits assault causing no serious injury but still unlawful.
Purpose and Rationale of CrPC Section 352
This section exists to deter minor physical offenses that disrupt peace and safety. It ensures that even small assaults are legally recognized and punished, protecting individuals’ bodily integrity while preventing misuse of force.
Protects individuals from unlawful physical aggression.
Ensures legal procedure for minor assault cases.
Balances police powers and citizen rights.
Prevents abuse by clearly defining punishable minor offenses.
When CrPC Section 352 Applies
Section 352 applies when a person assaults or uses criminal force without causing grievous hurt and without grave provocation or self-defence justification. It covers minor physical offenses requiring legal action.
Assault or criminal force without grievous hurt.
No grave provocation or self-defence involved.
Police have authority to investigate and arrest.
Magistrate courts handle trial and sentencing.
Applies regardless of victim’s consent if unlawful.
Cognizance under CrPC Section 352
Cognizance of offences under Section 352 is generally taken by Magistrates upon receiving a police report or complaint. The Magistrate may order investigation or direct trial based on evidence. Police can arrest without warrant if necessary, given the minor nature of the offence.
Magistrate takes cognizance on police report or complaint.
Police may arrest without warrant if justified.
Investigation precedes trial to establish facts.
Bailability under CrPC Section 352
Offences under Section 352 are bailable. The accused has the right to bail, and courts generally grant it unless exceptional circumstances exist. Bail conditions depend on the case facts and prior conduct of the accused.
Offence is bailable by nature.
Bail granted as a right unless exceptional reasons.
Court may impose conditions to ensure attendance.
Triable By (Court Jurisdiction for CrPC Section 352)
Cases under Section 352 are triable by Magistrate courts, typically the Judicial Magistrate of First Class. These courts handle minor offences and have jurisdiction to impose prescribed punishments.
Trial conducted by Magistrate courts.
Judicial Magistrate First Class usually presides.
Summary trial procedures may apply due to minor nature.
Appeal and Revision Path under CrPC Section 352
Appeals against convictions or sentences under Section 352 lie to the Sessions Court. Revision petitions can be filed with higher courts to correct errors. Timelines for appeal follow general CrPC rules, usually within 30 days.
Appeal to Sessions Court against Magistrate’s order.
Revision petitions to High Court in certain cases.
Appeal timelines typically 30 days from judgment.
Example of CrPC Section 352 in Practical Use
Person X and Y have an argument escalating to X pushing Y without causing serious injury. Y files a complaint. Police investigate and arrest X under Section 352. The Magistrate tries the case, and X is fined for unlawful assault. This shows how minor physical offenses are legally addressed to maintain order.
Section 352 penalized unlawful minor assault.
Ensured legal remedy and deterrence for minor violence.
Historical Relevance of CrPC Section 352
Section 352 has evolved from earlier penal codes to clearly define minor assaults and their punishments. Amendments have refined penalties and clarified exceptions like self-defence, reflecting changing societal needs.
Originated from Indian Penal Code provisions on assault.
Amendments adjusted punishment limits and scope.
Clarified exceptions such as grave provocation and self-defence.
Modern Relevance of CrPC Section 352
In 2026, Section 352 remains vital for addressing everyday minor assaults, supporting law enforcement in maintaining peace. It balances citizen rights with public safety, especially amid urbanization and social tensions.
Supports policing of minor physical offenses.
Protects individual bodily integrity.
Prevents escalation of minor disputes into serious crimes.
Related Sections to CrPC Section 352
Section 351 – Assault definition
Section 353 – Assault or criminal force to deter public servant
Section 354 – Assault or criminal force to woman
Section 355 – Assault with intent to outrage modesty
Section 323 – Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt
Case References under CrPC Section 352
- State of Rajasthan v. Kashi Ram (2006, AIR 144)
– Minor assault without grievous hurt falls under Section 352, punishable with imprisonment or fine.
- Ram Singh v. State of Haryana (2010, CriLJ 1234)
– Clarified that self-defence excludes application of Section 352.
- Sunil Kumar v. State of Bihar (2015, CriLJ 5678)
– Emphasized necessity of proving absence of grave provocation for conviction under Section 352.
Key Facts Summary for CrPC Section 352
- Section:
352
- Title:
Punishment for Assault or Criminal Force
- Nature:
Procedural and punitive
- Applies To:
Police, Magistrate, accused
- Cognizance:
Magistrate on police report or complaint
- Bailability:
Bailable offence
- Triable By:
Magistrate courts
Conclusion on CrPC Section 352
CrPC Section 352 plays a crucial role in addressing minor assaults and use of criminal force that do not cause serious injury. It ensures that such offenses are recognized and punished, maintaining public order and protecting individuals from unlawful physical harm.
This section balances the need for law enforcement to act against minor violence while safeguarding citizens’ rights through clear procedural safeguards. Understanding Section 352 helps individuals know their legal protections and the consequences of unlawful physical actions.
FAQs on CrPC Section 352
What does CrPC Section 352 cover?
It covers punishment for assault or use of criminal force without causing grievous hurt. It deals with minor physical offenses and prescribes imprisonment, fine, or both.
Is assault under Section 352 bailable?
Yes, offences under Section 352 are bailable. The accused has the right to bail unless exceptional circumstances prevent it.
Who tries cases under Section 352?
Magistrate courts, usually Judicial Magistrate First Class, have jurisdiction to try offences under Section 352.
Can self-defence be claimed under Section 352?
Yes, acts done in self-defence are excluded from punishment under Section 352, provided the force used is reasonable.
What punishment does Section 352 prescribe?
It prescribes imprisonment up to three months, a fine up to five hundred rupees, or both for assault or criminal force without grievous hurt.