CrPC Section 389
CrPC Section 389 covers the procedure and powers of appellate courts to grant bail during appeal or revision.
CrPC Section 389 empowers appellate courts to grant bail to an accused person who has appealed against a conviction or sentence. This section plays a crucial role in ensuring that the rights of the accused are protected during the appellate process, allowing temporary liberty while the higher court reviews the case.
Understanding this section is vital for anyone involved in criminal litigation, as it outlines the conditions and procedures under which bail may be granted by courts other than the trial court. It balances the interests of justice with the liberty of the accused during appeals or revisions.
CrPC Section 389 – Exact Provision
This provision allows appellate or revisional courts discretionary power to grant bail to an accused person who has challenged their conviction or sentence. It ensures that the accused is not unnecessarily detained during the appellate process, subject to the court's satisfaction that bail is appropriate.
Applies to appeals or revisions against conviction or sentence.
Grants discretionary power to appellate or revisional courts.
Allows release on bail or personal bond pending appeal disposal.
Ensures accused's liberty during appellate proceedings.
Protects judicial process integrity by requiring court's satisfaction.
Explanation of CrPC Section 389
This section lets higher courts grant bail to an accused who has appealed a conviction or sentence. It means the accused can be temporarily free while the appeal is decided, depending on the court’s view.
The section permits bail during appeal or revision.
Affects accused persons challenging convictions or sentences.
Triggered when appeal or revision is filed.
Court may release accused on bail or bond.
Bail is discretionary, not automatic.
Purpose and Rationale of CrPC Section 389
The section exists to protect the accused’s right to liberty during the appellate process. It prevents unnecessary detention while the case is under review, balancing the need for justice with personal freedom. It also ensures courts retain control to prevent misuse.
Protects accused’s liberty during appeals.
Ensures proper judicial procedure in bail decisions.
Balances police powers and accused rights.
Prevents abuse of bail during appeals.
When CrPC Section 389 Applies
This section applies when an accused person files an appeal or revision against a conviction or sentence. The appellate or revisional court then considers whether to grant bail pending the outcome.
Appeal or revision against conviction or sentence must be filed.
Appellate or revisional court has authority.
Bail considered pending disposal of appeal/revision.
No automatic bail; court discretion applies.
Applies until final decision on appeal or revision.
Cognizance under CrPC Section 389
Cognizance is taken when the appellate or revisional court receives the appeal or revision petition challenging a conviction or sentence. The court then has the authority to consider bail applications related to that appeal.
Court takes cognizance upon receiving appeal or revision.
Accused or their counsel may apply for bail.
Court evaluates grounds before granting bail.
Bailability under CrPC Section 389
The section allows for bail, but it is not guaranteed. The appellate or revisional court exercises discretion based on the case facts, nature of offence, and risk factors. Bail may be granted on personal bond or surety.
Bail is discretionary, not automatic.
Court considers offence severity and flight risk.
Conditions may be imposed on bail.
Practical bail depends on court satisfaction.
Triable By (Court Jurisdiction for CrPC Section 389)
Matters under this section are handled by appellate courts or revisional courts. These courts review decisions of lower courts and have jurisdiction to grant bail during the appeal or revision process.
Appellate courts (Sessions or High Court) handle appeals.
Revisional courts (High Court or Sessions) handle revisions.
Trial courts do not grant bail under this section.
Jurisdiction depends on nature of appeal or revision.
Appeal and Revision Path under CrPC Section 389
Appeals or revisions against conviction or sentence are filed in appropriate higher courts. Bail applications under this section are considered during these proceedings. Appeals may proceed to High Court or Supreme Court depending on case.
Appeal filed in Sessions or High Court.
Revision filed in High Court or Sessions Court.
Bail application heard along with appeal/revision.
Timelines depend on court’s docket and case complexity.
Example of CrPC Section 389 in Practical Use
Person X was convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to imprisonment. X files an appeal in the Sessions Court challenging the conviction. While the appeal is pending, X applies for bail under Section 389. The Sessions Court reviews the application, considers the case facts, and grants bail, allowing X temporary freedom during the appeal process.
Section 389 enabled bail during appeal.
Ensured accused’s liberty pending higher court decision.
Historical Relevance of CrPC Section 389
Section 389 has evolved to provide appellate courts with explicit authority to grant bail during appeals or revisions. Earlier, bail was primarily granted by trial courts, but this section clarified appellate powers to safeguard accused rights during prolonged litigation.
Introduced to empower appellate courts on bail.
Amended to clarify discretionary nature.
Strengthened accused’s rights in appellate process.
Modern Relevance of CrPC Section 389
In 2026, this section remains vital for protecting accused persons’ liberty during lengthy appeals. It balances judicial efficiency with human rights, ensuring courts can grant bail without undermining justice or public safety.
Supports fair trial and liberty rights.
Prevents unnecessary detention during appeals.
Reflects modern judicial emphasis on procedural fairness.
Related Sections to CrPC Section 389
Section 437 – Bail in non-bailable offences by Magistrate
Section 438 – Anticipatory bail
Section 439 – Bail by High Court or Sessions Court
Section 440 – Suspension of sentence pending appeal
Section 441 – Bail after conviction but before sentence
Case References under CrPC Section 389
- State of Rajasthan v. Balchand (1977 AIR 2447)
– Appellate court’s discretion to grant bail pending appeal upheld.
- Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab (1980 AIR 150)
– Bail under Section 389 must consider nature of offence and evidence.
- Hussainara Khatoon v. Home Secretary (1979 AIR 1369)
– Emphasized right to liberty during appellate process.
Key Facts Summary for CrPC Section 389
- Section:
389
- Title:
Bail by Appellate Court
- Nature:
Procedural – Bail during appeal or revision
- Applies To:
Accused persons filing appeal or revision
- Cognizance:
Taken when appeal or revision is filed
- Bailability:
Discretionary bail by appellate/revisional court
- Triable By:
Appellate or Revisional Courts
Conclusion on CrPC Section 389
CrPC Section 389 is a crucial provision that safeguards the liberty of accused persons during the appellate or revision process. It empowers higher courts to grant bail, ensuring that justice is not delayed by unnecessary detention. This section balances the need for judicial oversight with protecting individual freedoms.
By allowing bail pending appeal or revision, Section 389 promotes fairness and reduces hardship on accused awaiting final decisions. It reflects the Indian criminal justice system’s commitment to procedural fairness and human rights, making it an essential part of criminal procedure law.
FAQs on CrPC Section 389
What does CrPC Section 389 cover?
It covers the power of appellate or revisional courts to grant bail to an accused person who has appealed against conviction or sentence, allowing temporary release during the appeal process.
Is bail automatic under Section 389?
No, bail is discretionary. The court considers the case facts, offence nature, and other factors before granting bail during appeal or revision.
Who can grant bail under Section 389?
Appellate courts or revisional courts have the authority to grant bail under this section when an appeal or revision is pending.
When does Section 389 apply?
It applies when an accused person files an appeal or revision against a conviction or sentence and seeks bail pending the disposal of that appeal or revision.
Can conditions be imposed on bail granted under Section 389?
Yes, courts may impose conditions such as sureties, regular appearances, or restrictions to ensure the accused’s presence during the appeal process.