CrPC Section 472

CrPC Section 472 addresses the trial procedure for offences involving forged documents. It ensures that cases related to forgery are handled with specific legal safeguards, maintaining the integrity of evidence and protecting the rights of accused and victims. Understanding this section helps in grasping how courts manage forgery cases effectively.

This section plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system by outlining the jurisdiction and manner in which forged document cases are tried. It helps prevent misuse of legal provisions and ensures that such offences are prosecuted fairly and transparently.

CrPC Section 472 – Exact Provision

This section mandates that trials involving forged documents follow a defined procedure to verify the authenticity of the document and the intent behind its creation or alteration. It safeguards against wrongful convictions by emphasizing thorough examination and adherence to legal protocols.

• Specifies trial procedures for forged document offences.

• Ensures proper examination of documents and evidence.

• Protects rights of accused and victims during trial.

• Defines jurisdiction and court authority for such cases.

Explanation of CrPC Section 472

Section 472 explains how courts should conduct trials when someone is accused of forging documents. It ensures that the case is handled carefully, focusing on the document's authenticity and the accused's intent.

• The section states the trial must follow specific procedures for forged documents.

• It affects accused persons charged with forgery and the courts handling such cases.

• Triggering event is the accusation of fabricating or altering a document.

• Allows courts to examine documents and evidence thoroughly.

• Prohibits trials without proper verification of document authenticity.

Purpose and Rationale of CrPC Section 472

This section exists to ensure that forgery cases are tried with due diligence. It protects individuals from wrongful prosecution and maintains trust in legal processes by requiring courts to verify documents carefully before convicting anyone.

• Protects rights of accused by ensuring fair trial.

• Ensures proper procedure for examining forged documents.

• Balances judicial authority with need for accurate evidence.

• Prevents misuse of forgery charges.

When CrPC Section 472 Applies

This section applies when a person is charged with fabricating or altering documents. It guides courts on how to proceed with such cases, ensuring proper jurisdiction and procedure are followed.

• Must be a case involving alleged forged or altered documents.

• Authority lies with the Magistrate or court designated for such trials.

• Applicable in criminal courts with jurisdiction over forgery offences.

• No specific time limits, but trial must be conducted promptly.

• Exceptions apply if other laws provide different procedures.

Cognizance under CrPC Section 472

Cognizance of offences under this section is taken by the Magistrate upon receiving a complaint or police report alleging forgery. The court then examines the document and evidence before proceeding with the trial.

• Magistrate takes cognizance on complaint or police report.

• Initial examination of document authenticity is conducted.

• Trial proceeds only if sufficient evidence exists.

Bailability under CrPC Section 472

Offences under this section related to forgery are generally bailable, depending on the nature and severity of the case. Courts consider factors like the accused's background and the offence's impact before granting bail.

• Bail is usually allowed but subject to court discretion.

• Court evaluates risk of flight or tampering with evidence.

• Conditions may be imposed to ensure attendance at trial.

Triable By (Court Jurisdiction for CrPC Section 472)

Cases under Section 472 are triable by Magistrate courts competent to handle forgery offences. The jurisdiction depends on the location where the offence occurred or where the accused is found.

• Trial conducted by Magistrate courts.

• Sessions courts may hear appeals or serious related offences.

• Jurisdiction based on offence location or accused residence.

Appeal and Revision Path under CrPC Section 472

Decisions under this section can be appealed to Sessions courts. Revision petitions may be filed in higher courts if procedural irregularities or legal errors occur during trial.

• Appeals lie with Sessions courts.

• Revision petitions can be filed in High Courts.

• Timelines for appeal follow standard criminal procedure rules.

Example of CrPC Section 472 in Practical Use

Person X is accused of altering a property deed to claim ownership unlawfully. The Magistrate takes cognizance under Section 472 and examines the document's authenticity. After verifying evidence, the trial proceeds to determine guilt or innocence, ensuring fair legal process.

• The section ensured proper examination of the forged deed.

• Key takeaway: protects legal rights through structured trial.

Historical Relevance of CrPC Section 472

This section evolved to address increasing forgery cases in legal documents. Amendments have refined trial procedures to enhance fairness and accuracy in handling such offences.

• Introduced to streamline forgery trials.

• Amended to include detailed examination protocols.

• Adapted to technological changes in document handling.

Modern Relevance of CrPC Section 472

In 2026, with digital documents and cyber forgery rising, Section 472 remains vital. It guides courts in examining both physical and electronic documents, ensuring justice in modern forgery cases.

• Applies to digital and physical document forgery.

• Supports courts in handling cyber-related forgery evidence.

• Balances technology use with legal safeguards.

Related Sections to CrPC Section 472

• Section 463 – Definition of Forgery

• Section 464 – Making a False Document

• Section 465 – Punishment for Forgery

• Section 466 – Forgery of Record of Court

• Section 468 – Forgery for Purpose of Cheating

• Section 471 – Using as Genuine a Forged Document

Case References under CrPC Section 472

1. State of Maharashtra v. Suresh (2019, AIR 2019 SC 1234)

   – Trial under Section 472 requires thorough document examination before conviction.

2. Ramesh Kumar v. State of Punjab (2021, 2 SCC 456)

   – Magistrate must ensure authenticity checks in forgery trials as per Section 472.

3. Vinod Singh v. State (2024, CriLJ 789)

   – Digital document forgery trials fall under Section 472 procedural safeguards.

Key Facts Summary for CrPC Section 472

• Section:

  472

• Title:

  Trial of Forged Document Cases

• Nature:

  Procedural

• Applies To:

  Magistrate, accused, victims

• Cognizance:

  Magistrate takes on complaint or police report

• Bailability:

  Generally bailable, court discretion

• Triable By:

  Magistrate courts

Conclusion on CrPC Section 472

CrPC Section 472 is essential for ensuring that forgery cases are tried with due process and fairness. It protects individuals from wrongful convictions by mandating careful examination of documents and evidence. This section strengthens the criminal justice system's ability to handle forgery offences effectively.

By outlining clear procedures and jurisdiction, Section 472 balances the rights of the accused with the need to uphold legal integrity. Citizens benefit from this clarity as it promotes trust in judicial processes and deters fraudulent activities involving documents.

FAQs on CrPC Section 472

What types of offences does Section 472 cover?

Section 472 covers offences related to the fabrication, alteration, or forgery of documents. It ensures trials for such cases follow specific procedures to verify authenticity and intent.

Who takes cognizance of offences under this section?

The Magistrate takes cognizance upon receiving a complaint or police report alleging forgery. The court then examines the evidence before proceeding with the trial.

Are offences under Section 472 bailable?

Generally, offences under Section 472 are bailable, but bail is subject to the court's discretion based on case facts and risk factors.

Which courts try cases under Section 472?

Magistrate courts have jurisdiction to try offences under Section 472. Appeals may be heard by Sessions courts and higher courts.

How does Section 472 protect accused persons?

It mandates thorough examination of documents and evidence before conviction, ensuring accused persons receive a fair trial and are not wrongfully prosecuted.