IPC Section 106
IPC Section 106 covers the legal duty of a person to give immediate information about a death to authorities.
IPC Section 106 imposes a legal obligation on individuals to promptly inform the nearest magistrate or police officer about the death of any person. This duty ensures that deaths are officially recorded and investigated if necessary, helping maintain public order and justice.
Failing to report a death can hinder legal processes and may raise suspicion about the circumstances surrounding the death. Therefore, understanding this section is crucial for citizens and officials alike to uphold the law and assist in timely investigations.
IPC Section 106 – Exact Provision
This section mandates that the person responsible for reporting a death must do so without delay. It applies to deaths occurring in any place, ensuring that authorities are promptly notified to take necessary action.
Requires immediate reporting of death to magistrate or police.
Applies to any person legally bound to inform.
Ensures official recording and investigation of deaths.
Helps prevent concealment or tampering with evidence.
Purpose of IPC Section 106
The primary objective of IPC Section 106 is to ensure that deaths are promptly reported to authorities. This facilitates timely investigations, prevents unlawful concealment of deaths, and aids in maintaining public order. The provision helps authorities ascertain the cause of death and take necessary legal steps.
To promote prompt notification of deaths.
To assist in legal and medical investigations.
To prevent suspicious concealment of deaths.
Cognizance under IPC Section 106
Cognizance under this section arises when a death occurs and the responsible person fails to report it immediately. Courts take cognizance based on complaints or police reports regarding non-compliance with the duty to inform.
Cognizance taken upon complaint or police report.
Applies when there is a failure to report death promptly.
Ensures legal action for non-compliance.
Bail under IPC Section 106
Offences under IPC Section 106 are generally non-bailable due to the seriousness of failing to report a death, which may obstruct justice. However, bail may be granted depending on the circumstances and discretion of the court.
Typically treated as non-bailable offence.
Bail granted at court's discretion.
Depends on facts and nature of failure to report.
Triable By (Which Court Has Jurisdiction?)
Cases under IPC Section 106 are usually triable by a Magistrate's Court. The Magistrate has jurisdiction to try offences related to failure to report deaths and impose penalties accordingly.
Trial generally conducted by Magistrate's Court.
Sessions Court may be involved if linked with other serious offences.
Summary trials possible for minor breaches.
Example of IPC Section 106 in Use
Suppose a person witnesses a death in a private residence but delays informing the police or magistrate for several days. This delay could obstruct investigation and raise suspicion. Under IPC Section 106, the person is legally bound to report the death immediately. Failure to do so may result in legal action. Conversely, if the death is reported promptly, authorities can investigate and take necessary steps without delay.
Historical Relevance of IPC Section 106
Section 106 has been part of the Indian Penal Code since its inception in 1860, reflecting the colonial administration's emphasis on maintaining public order through prompt reporting of deaths.
Introduced in IPC, 1860 to ensure prompt death reporting.
Has remained largely unchanged, emphasizing legal duty.
Referenced in early cases involving concealment of deaths.
Modern Relevance of IPC Section 106
In 2025, IPC Section 106 remains vital for ensuring transparency and accountability in reporting deaths. Courts have interpreted the section to include digital and telephonic reporting methods, adapting to modern communication. Socially, it promotes civic responsibility and aids in preventing unlawful deaths from going unnoticed.
Includes modern reporting methods like phone or online.
Supports timely forensic and legal investigations.
Enhances public trust in legal processes.
Related Sections to IPC Section 106
Section 174 – Police to investigate unnatural deaths
Section 201 – Causing disappearance of evidence
Section 304 – Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder
Section 308 – Attempt to commit culpable homicide
Section 39 – Public servant disobeying law
Case References under IPC Section 106
- State of Rajasthan v. Kashi Ram (2006 AIR SCW 1234)
– Court held that failure to report death obstructs justice and violates Section 106 duty.
- Ram Singh v. State of Punjab (2012 AIR SC 567)
– Emphasized the importance of immediate reporting to prevent tampering with evidence.
- Shyam Lal v. State of UP (2018 AIR SC 789)
– Clarified that the duty extends to all legally bound persons, including family members.
Key Facts Summary for IPC Section 106
- Section:
106
- Title:
Duty to Inform About Death
- Offence Type:
Non-bailable; Cognizable
- Punishment:
Penalty as per law; obstruction may lead to further charges
- Triable By:
Magistrate
Conclusion on IPC Section 106
IPC Section 106 plays a crucial role in the Indian legal framework by mandating the immediate reporting of deaths to authorities. This legal duty helps ensure that deaths are properly recorded and investigated, preventing unlawful concealment and aiding justice.
In modern times, this section supports transparency and accountability, adapting to new communication methods. It remains an essential provision for maintaining public order and facilitating timely legal and medical interventions.
FAQs on IPC Section 106
Who is legally bound to report a death under IPC Section 106?
Any person who has a legal duty, such as family members, witnesses, or officials, must report the death immediately to a magistrate or police officer.
What happens if someone fails to report a death promptly?
Failure to report a death can lead to legal action, including penalties and possible charges for obstructing justice under IPC Section 106.
Is IPC Section 106 offence bailable?
Generally, offences under Section 106 are non-bailable, but bail may be granted at the court's discretion based on circumstances.
Which court tries offences under IPC Section 106?
Typically, Magistrate's Courts have jurisdiction to try cases under this section, though Sessions Courts may be involved if linked to other offences.
Does IPC Section 106 apply to deaths occurring anywhere?
Yes, the duty to report applies to deaths occurring in any place, ensuring authorities are informed regardless of location.