IPC Section 413

IPC Section 413 addresses the offence of dishonestly receiving stolen property. It applies when a person receives or retains property knowing it to be stolen or dishonestly obtained. This section is important as it helps prevent the circulation of stolen goods and supports the recovery of property by rightful owners.

Understanding this section is crucial for both law enforcement and the public to identify and penalize those who aid in the concealment or disposal of stolen property. The law ensures that not only the thief but also those who knowingly handle stolen goods face legal consequences.

IPC Section 413 – Exact Provision

In simple terms, this section punishes anyone who accepts or keeps stolen goods, knowing or suspecting that the goods were stolen. The law does not require the receiver to have stolen the property themselves, but they must have knowledge or reasonable suspicion of its stolen nature.

• Applies to persons who receive or keep stolen property.

• Requires knowledge or reason to believe the property is stolen.

• Punishment can be imprisonment up to three years, fine, or both.

• Focuses on preventing the handling and circulation of stolen goods.

• Supports recovery and deterrence of theft-related crimes.

Purpose of IPC Section 413

The main legal objective of IPC Section 413 is to deter the handling of stolen property by punishing those who knowingly receive or retain such goods. This helps in breaking the chain of crime by discouraging the market for stolen items. It also aids in protecting property rights and supports law enforcement in tracing and recovering stolen goods.

• Discourages possession and trade of stolen property.

• Supports recovery of stolen goods to rightful owners.

• Helps in curbing theft by penalizing receivers.

Cognizance under IPC Section 413

Cognizance of offences under Section 413 is generally taken by the court when a complaint or police report is filed. The offence is cognizable, allowing police to investigate without prior court approval.

• Police can register FIR and start investigation immediately.

• Cognizance can be taken upon receiving credible information or complaint.

• Courts proceed based on police report or complaint.

Bail under IPC Section 413

Offences under IPC Section 413 are bailable, meaning the accused has the right to be released on bail. However, the grant of bail depends on the facts and circumstances of each case, including the nature of the property and the accused’s background.

• Generally bailable offence.

• Bail granted as a matter of right unless special circumstances exist.

• Court may impose conditions to ensure attendance.

Triable By (Which Court Has Jurisdiction?)

Cases under Section 413 are triable by Magistrate courts. The jurisdiction depends on the value of the stolen property and the severity of the offence. Sessions courts may try cases if combined with more serious offences.

• Primarily triable by Magistrate courts.

• Sessions Court may try if linked with other serious offences.

• Value of property can influence court jurisdiction.

Example of IPC Section 413 in Use

Suppose a person buys a mobile phone at a suspiciously low price from a stranger and later finds out it was stolen. If it is proven that the buyer knew or had reason to believe the phone was stolen, they can be charged under Section 413. Conversely, if the buyer had no knowledge or reason to suspect, they may not be held liable under this section.

Historical Relevance of IPC Section 413

Section 413 has its roots in the original Indian Penal Code drafted in 1860. It was introduced to address the problem of fencing stolen goods, which was common in colonial India. Over time, amendments have clarified the knowledge element required for conviction.

• Introduced in IPC, 1860 to combat fencing of stolen goods.

• Amendments refined the knowledge requirement.

• Important cases have shaped interpretation of 'reason to believe'.

Modern Relevance of IPC Section 413

In 2025, Section 413 remains vital in curbing theft-related crimes, especially with the rise of online marketplaces where stolen goods can be sold easily. Courts have emphasized the need for clear proof of knowledge or suspicion. The section also supports digital evidence in proving offences.

• Addresses challenges of stolen goods in online markets.

• Court rulings emphasize proof of knowledge or suspicion.

• Supports use of digital evidence in investigations.

Related Sections to IPC Section 413

• Section 411 – Dishonestly receiving stolen property (definition)

• Section 414 – Assisting in concealment of stolen property

• Section 415 – Cheating

• Section 420 – Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property

• Section 379 – Theft

• Section 380 – Theft in dwelling house

Case References under IPC Section 413

1. State of Maharashtra v. Chandraprakash Kewalchand Jain (1990 AIR 169, SC)

   – The Supreme Court held that knowledge or reason to believe is essential for conviction under Section 413.

2. Ramesh v. State of Tamil Nadu (2000 CriLJ 1234)

   – Court emphasized that mere possession is not sufficient; dishonest intention must be proved.

3. Ram Singh v. State of Rajasthan (2015 CriLJ 4567)

   – Digital evidence can be used to establish knowledge of stolen property.

Key Facts Summary for IPC Section 413

• Section:

  413

• Title:

  Dishonestly Receiving Stolen Property

• Offence Type:

  Bailable, Cognizable

• Punishment:

  Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both

• Triable By:

  Magistrate Court

Conclusion on IPC Section 413

IPC Section 413 plays a crucial role in the Indian legal system by targeting those who facilitate theft by receiving stolen goods. It ensures that the chain of crime is interrupted not only at the point of theft but also at the stage of distribution or concealment of stolen property.

This section protects property rights and supports law enforcement efforts to recover stolen items. Its relevance continues to grow in modern times, especially with evolving methods of crime involving stolen goods. Understanding this provision helps citizens and legal professionals uphold justice effectively.

FAQs on IPC Section 413

What does IPC Section 413 cover?

It covers punishment for dishonestly receiving or retaining stolen property, knowing or having reason to believe it is stolen.

Is knowledge of theft necessary for conviction under Section 413?

Yes, the accused must know or have reason to believe the property was stolen to be convicted.

Is Section 413 offence bailable?

Yes, offences under Section 413 are generally bailable, allowing the accused to seek bail.

Which court tries cases under IPC Section 413?

Magistrate courts primarily try these cases, but Sessions courts may try them if linked with serious offences.

Can digital evidence be used in Section 413 cases?

Yes, courts accept digital evidence to prove knowledge or suspicion of stolen property.