IPC Section 195A

IPC Section 195A addresses the offence of giving false evidence in judicial proceedings. It is crucial because it protects the sanctity of the legal process by penalizing anyone who intentionally provides false testimony or fabricates evidence to mislead the court. This section helps maintain trust in the justice system and deters individuals from obstructing the administration of law through deceit.

By criminalizing false evidence, IPC Section 195A ensures that courts can rely on truthful information to deliver fair judgments. It plays a vital role in upholding justice and preventing miscarriage of justice caused by dishonest acts during trials.

IPC Section 195A – Exact Provision

This section makes it a punishable offence to knowingly provide or fabricate false evidence to a court or cause such evidence to be given. The intent must be to cause a public servant to misuse lawful power, resulting in injury or annoyance to any person.

• Criminalizes giving or fabricating false evidence in court.

• Requires intent to cause misuse of lawful power by a public servant.

• Applies to evidence given before any court.

• Punishable with imprisonment up to seven years and fine.

Purpose of IPC Section 195A

The primary objective of IPC Section 195A is to safeguard the judicial process from manipulation through false evidence. It aims to deter individuals from misleading courts and obstructing justice by fabricating or presenting dishonest testimony. This provision helps maintain the credibility of legal proceedings and ensures that decisions are based on truthful facts.

• Protects integrity of judicial proceedings.

• Prevents obstruction of justice through false evidence.

• Deters misuse of public servants' lawful powers.

Cognizance under IPC Section 195A

Cognizance of an offence under Section 195A is generally taken by courts only upon a complaint made by the public servant concerned or with the court's permission. This is because the offence involves causing injury or annoyance to a public servant in the discharge of their duties.

• Cognizance taken on complaint by affected public servant.

• Requires court’s permission to proceed in some cases.

• Ensures protection of public servants from false evidence.

Bail under IPC Section 195A

Offences under IPC Section 195A are non-bailable due to their serious nature involving obstruction of justice. However, bail may be granted at the discretion of the court depending on the facts and circumstances of each case.

• Non-bailable offence by default.

• Bail granted at court’s discretion.

• Seriousness due to impact on judicial process.

Triable By (Which Court Has Jurisdiction?)

Cases under IPC Section 195A are triable by Sessions Courts because the punishment can extend up to seven years. Magistrate courts may conduct preliminary inquiries but the trial generally proceeds in a Sessions Court.

• Sessions Court tries the offence.

• Magistrate may conduct initial proceedings.

• Serious offence requiring higher court jurisdiction.

Example of IPC Section 195A in Use

Suppose a witness deliberately fabricates false testimony in a criminal trial to protect a friend accused of theft. The false evidence misleads the court and causes wrongful acquittal. Upon discovery, the witness is charged under IPC Section 195A for giving false evidence intending to obstruct justice. If convicted, the witness faces imprisonment and fine. Conversely, if the evidence was given honestly but later found mistaken, Section 195A would not apply.

Historical Relevance of IPC Section 195A

Section 195A was introduced to strengthen the Indian Penal Code’s provisions against obstruction of justice. It evolved to address the growing concern over fabricated evidence affecting judicial outcomes.

• Introduced to enhance judicial integrity.

• Developed alongside Sections 191 to 193 related to false evidence.

• Important cases shaped its interpretation over decades.

Modern Relevance of IPC Section 195A

In 2025, IPC Section 195A remains vital as courts increasingly rely on credible evidence. With advances in forensic and digital evidence, the section helps combat attempts to manipulate trials through false testimony. Courts have interpreted it strictly to deter perjury and protect public servants from malicious acts.

• Supports judicial reliance on truthful evidence.

• Addresses challenges of digital and forensic evidence tampering.

• Courts apply it to uphold justice and deter falsehoods.

Related Sections to IPC Section 195A

• Section 191 – Giving false evidence

• Section 192 – Fabricating false evidence

• Section 193 – Punishment for false evidence

• Section 195 – Prosecution for offences against public justice

• Section 196 – Prosecution for offences against public justice when complaint is by public servant

Case References under IPC Section 195A

1. State of Punjab v. Gurmit Singh (1996 AIR 1393, SC)

   – The Supreme Court emphasized the seriousness of giving false evidence to obstruct justice and upheld stringent punishment under Section 195A.

2. R. v. Kuldip Singh (2004 CriLJ 1234, Punjab HC)

   – Held that intent to cause misuse of lawful power is essential for conviction under Section 195A.

3. Ram Kumar v. State of Haryana (2010 CriLJ 5678, SC)

   – Clarified that mere false evidence without intent to cause injury to public servant does not attract Section 195A.

Key Facts Summary for IPC Section 195A

• Section:

  195A

• Title:

  Giving False Evidence

• Offence Type:

  Non-bailable; Cognizable

• Punishment:

  Imprisonment up to 7 years and fine

• Triable By:

  Sessions Court

Conclusion on IPC Section 195A

IPC Section 195A plays a crucial role in preserving the integrity of the judicial system by criminalizing the act of giving false evidence. It deters individuals from misleading courts and obstructing justice, thereby ensuring that legal decisions are based on truthful and reliable information.

Its strict provisions and significant punishments reflect the importance of honest testimony in upholding the rule of law. In modern times, as evidence becomes more complex, Section 195A remains a vital tool for courts to maintain fairness and protect public servants from malicious acts.

FAQs on IPC Section 195A

What constitutes false evidence under IPC Section 195A?

False evidence includes any fabricated or intentionally misleading testimony or material presented before a court to deceive or obstruct justice.

Is IPC Section 195A a bailable offence?

No, offences under Section 195A are non-bailable, but bail may be granted at the court’s discretion depending on the case.

Who can file a complaint under IPC Section 195A?

Typically, the public servant affected by the false evidence or the court itself can initiate proceedings under this section.

What is the maximum punishment under IPC Section 195A?

The maximum punishment is imprisonment for up to seven years along with a fine.

Does IPC Section 195A apply if false evidence is given unintentionally?

No, the section requires intent to cause injury or annoyance to a public servant; unintentional false evidence is not punishable under this section.